Dibutyryl cAMP

Cell-permeable cAMP analog which mimics the effect of endogenous cAMP when applied to cells [1]. Activates PKA [2,3]. Induces morphological differentiation of astrocytes [4]. Promotes differentiation of dopaminergic neurons from hPSCs (in cocktails with other agents) [5].

References:

1) Bartsch et al. (2003), Bioactivatable, membrane-permeant analogs of cyclic nucleotides as biological tools for growth control of C6 glioma cells;  Biol. Chem., 384 1321

2) Carranza et al. (1998), Protein kinase A induces recruitment of active Na+,K+-ATPase units to the plasma membrane of rat proximal convoluted tubule cells;  J. Physiol., 15 511

3) Hei et al. (1991), Lack of correlation between activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and inhibition of contraction of rat vas deferens by cyclic AMP analogs; Mol. Pharmacol., 39 233

4) Imamura et al. (1998), Differential expression of dystrophin isoforms and utrophin during dibutyryl-cAMP-induced morphological differentiation of rat brain astrocytes;  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95 6139

5) Xia et al. (2016), Transcriptional comparison of human induced and primary midbrain dopaminergic neurons;  Sci. Rep., 6 20270