LPA (Oleyl)

A multifunctional intercellular bioactive phospholipid [1]. Stimulates the growth of a variety of cells including fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and keratinocytes among others [1]. Acts as a proliferative and anti-apoptotic factor [2]. Agonist at LPA1 (EDG-2), LPA2 (EDG-4) and LPA3 (EDG-7) receptors [3]. LPA-primed astrocytes induce axonal outgrowth of cortical progenitors [4].

References:

1) Moolenaar et al. (1995), Lysophosphatidic acid, a multifunctional phospholipid messenger;  J. Biol. Chem., 270 12949

2) Levine et al. (1997), Lysophosphatidic acid; a novel growth and survival factor for renal proximal tubular cells;  Am. J. Physiol., 273 F575

3) Goetzl and An (1998), Diversity of cellular receptors and functions for the lysophospholipid growth factors lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate;  FASEB J., 12 1589

4) Spohr et al. (2014), LPA-primed astrocytes induce axonal outgrowth of cortical progenitors by activating PKA signaling pathways and modulating extracellular matrix proteins;  Front Cell Neurosci., 8 296